Which over-the-counter ingredients are most effective for treating stubborn facial hyperpigmentation caused by decades of sun exposure?
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Fan-out diagram
The searches the AI actually ran for this prompt.
SEED QUERY
Which over-the-counter ingredients are most effective for treating stubborn facial hyperpigmentation caused by decades of sun exposure?
3 real searches · 1 real-search pass
American Academy Dermatology age spots treatment retinoid vitamin C azelaic acid sunscreen iron oxide hyperpigmentation evidenceGoogle ↗
OBSERVEDReason
topical tranexamic acid niacinamide azelaic acid solar lentigines randomized trial review hyperpigmentationGoogle ↗
OBSERVEDComparison
FDA hydroquinone over the counter not approved monograph 2026Google ↗
OBSERVEDConsequence
Badge and edge weight = share of passes that produced the query. Hover a query for its intent and routing format.
Query classes
Google's semantic query class for every sub-query: what kind of answer each search is after, simulated vs real.
ChatGPT real searches (3)
Classes come from the query-classifier (a local Laya model). 3 of 3 calls are low-confidence (under 50%) — hover a query in the table to see its confidence.
Searches and sources
ChatGPT3 real searches · gpt-6
American Academy Dermatology age spots treatment retinoid vitamin C azelaic acid sunscreen iron oxide hyperpigmentation evidence Google ↗
topical tranexamic acid niacinamide azelaic acid solar lentigines randomized trial review hyperpigmentation Google ↗
FDA hydroquinone over the counter not approved monograph 2026 Google ↗
- How to fade dark spots in darker skin tones · aad.org
- Dermatology: how to manage facial hyperpigmentation in skin of colour · pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- What can get rid of age spots? · aad.org
- Treatment of Solar Lentigines: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials · pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- FDA Warns Consumers of Skin Products Containing Mercury and/or Hydroquinone · fda.gov
- Skin Product Safety · fda.gov
Queries
3 queries · click a column to sort
| Query / type | Search | Intent | Query class | Routing format | Cluster | Freq ↓ | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
American Academy Dermatology age spots treatment retinoid vitamin C azelaic acid sunscreen iron oxide hyperpigmentation evidence OBSERVED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | — | Reason | — | — | 1x of 1 | |
topical tranexamic acid niacinamide azelaic acid solar lentigines randomized trial review hyperpigmentation OBSERVED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | — | Comparison | — | — | 1x of 1 | |
FDA hydroquinone over the counter not approved monograph 2026 OBSERVED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | — | Consequence | — | — | 1x of 1 |