How does vacuum-insulated stainless steel handle ambient thermal radiation differently than polyurethane foam when storing dry ice versus regular water ice over a ten-day expedition?
Fan-out diagram
Seed → topic clusters → sub-queries, per model.
Badge and edge weight = share of passes that produced the query. Hover a query for its intent and routing format.
Query classes
Google's semantic query class for every sub-query: what kind of answer each search is after, simulated vs real.
Classes come from the query-classifier (a local Laya model). 1 of 1 calls are low-confidence (under 50%) — hover a query in the table to see its confidence. 35 queries are still being classified.
What the models actually searched
Each model answered the query with its own web search. These are the searches it ran, matched to the closest simulated query.
- CHAPTER 47. CRYOGENICS · handbook.ashrae.org
- Dry ice sublimation performance as affected by binding agent, density, and age - Hafner - 2024 - Engineering Reports · onlinelibrary.wiley.com
- CHAPTER 26. HEAT, AIR, AND MOISTURE CONTROL IN BUILDING ASSEMBLIES—MATERIAL PROPERTIES · handbook.ashrae.org
Semantic map
Every query placed by meaning (EmbeddingGemma 2, 256-d). Shaded regions are topics, nearby points are near-paraphrases, and a circle's size is how often the query came back.
Queries
| Query / type | Search | Intent | Query class | Routing format | Cluster | Freq ↓ | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vacuum insulated stainless steel vs polyurethane foam thermal radiation performance REFORMULATION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Understand how vacuum insulation and polyurethane foam specifically block ambient thermal radiation. | — | comparison_table | thermal insulation physics comparison | 2x of 3 | |
vacuum insulated stainless steel vs polyurethane foam thermal performance REFORMULATION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants a direct technical comparison of how vacuum insulation and foam insulation block heat transfer. | — | comparison_table | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
how ambient thermal radiation affects vacuum insulated containers RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants to understand the specific role of radiant heat transfer in vacuum flasks. | — | web_article | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
how do radiant heat barriers work in vacuum insulated containers RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Learn the underlying physics of how vacuum flasks mitigate radiant heat transfer compared to foam. | — | web_article | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
how dry ice sublimation rate changes in vacuum insulated containers over 10 days RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Find data or estimates on dry ice loss rates inside high-performance coolers over extended periods. | — | web_article | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
dry ice sublimation rate in vacuum insulated vs foam coolers over 10 days IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user needs practical data on how long dry ice actually lasts in different container types. | — | case_study | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
dry ice sublimation rate in vacuum insulated cooler vs foam cooler 10 days IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Find empirical data or estimates on how well dry ice survives a ten-day trip in different types of coolers. | — | case_study | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
physics of radiant heat transfer in double wall stainless steel vacuum flasks IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Learn the underlying physics of how vacuum barriers handle radiant heat versus conductive heat. | — | pdf_whitepaper | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
comparing dry ice and water ice cooling capacity for multi-day expeditions COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants to evaluate the differences between using dry ice versus regular ice for long trips. | — | buyers_guide | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
polyurethane foam insulation r value per inch vs vacuum insulated panels COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Compare the insulating efficiency (R-value) of polyurethane foam against vacuum-insulated panels. | — | product_spec_sheet | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
comparing dry ice vs regular ice melting and sublimation physics in coolers COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Compare the cooling mechanics, temperatures, and phase change differences between dry ice and water ice. | — | web_article | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
emissivity of stainless steel inner walls in vacuum flasks ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user seeks specific engineering metrics regarding how stainless steel handles radiation via low emissivity coatings. | — | product_spec_sheet | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
storing dry ice long term container requirements ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Identify the specific safety and structural requirements for containing extremely cold dry ice over extended periods. | — | buyers_guide | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
emissivity of polished stainless steel vs plastic cooler inner walls ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Identify the material properties like emissivity that govern thermal radiation absorption in containers. | — | product_spec_sheet | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
best cooler insulation type for extreme outdoor expedition food preservation PERSONALIZED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants a recommendation tailored to the specific constraints of a ten-day outdoor expedition. | — | checklist | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
best cooler for 10 day expedition ice retention PERSONALIZED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Find top-performing long-haul expedition coolers capable of retaining ice for ten days. | — | review_roundup | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
best long term food preservation cooler for extended wilderness expeditions PERSONALIZED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Discover practical recommendations for multi-day expedition coolers based on insulation performance. | — | buyers_guide | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
polyurethane foam thermal conductivity R-value degradation over time RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants to know how foam insulation maintains or loses its thermal resistance during prolonged use. | — | faq_page | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
water ice melting rate in vacuum insulated flask over 10 days REFORMULATION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Determine how regular water ice behaves in vacuum-insulated containers over a prolonged ten-day timeframe. | — | pdf_whitepaper | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
does polyurethane foam absorb radiant heat more than vacuum insulation REFORMULATION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Clear answer on whether polyurethane foam allows more radiant heat transfer than a thermal vacuum barrier. | — | faq_page | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
heat transfer mechanisms conduction convection radiation vacuum flask REFORMULATION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user is looking for a breakdown of all three heat transfer forms within vacuum insulation technology. | — | glossary/definition | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
radiation vs conduction vs convection in container insulation RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Review the three modes of heat transfer and how different insulation materials combat each one. | — | glossary/definition | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
can you store dry ice in a standard rotomolded polyurethane foam cooler RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Determine the safety and effectiveness of using dry ice in traditional foam coolers. | — | forum/qna | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
storing dry ice in thermos vs rotomolded cooler sublimation loss COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants to compare container designs corresponding to vacuum insulation versus thick foam. | — | review_roundup | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
does dry ice sublime faster in foam or vacuum insulated containers IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Discover which container type minimizes dry ice loss due to sublimation from ambient heat. | — | forum/qna | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
thermal insulation R value of polyurethane foam vs vacuum insulated panels COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Compare the numerical insulation ratings R-value of foam against vacuum panels. | — | calculator/tool | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
how radiant heat penetrates polyurethane foam insulation IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants to understand how foam interacts with infrared and ambient radiation compared to a vacuum barrier. | — | web_article | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
thermal emissivity of stainless steel inside vacuum insulated panels ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Understand the role of stainless steel surface emissivity in mitigating radiant heat transfer. | — | web_article | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
radiant barrier foil inside cooler performance for ice retention ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Understand the role of reflective radiant barriers in mitigating ambient heat transfer in coolers. | — | web_article | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
calculating heat gain and ice melt rate for 10 day cooler trip ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user is looking for mathematical or predictive models for ice retention over ten days. | — | calculator/tool | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
how to calculate heat gain in insulated containers over time COMPARATIVE | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Find mathematical formulas or calculators to estimate total heat gain for a ten-day trip. | — | calculator/tool | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
how ambient temperature affects ice loss over a 10 day camping trip IMPLICIT | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Estimate ice retention timelines under varying ambient environmental conditions during long trips. | — | how_to_steps | extended expedition ice retention | 1x of 3 | |
thermodynamics of vacuum insulation radiation conduction and convection ENTITY EXPANSION | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Study the three modes of heat transfer and how vacuum insulation specifically halts them. | — | glossary/definition | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
why vacuum insulation blocks thermal radiation better than foam RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | The user wants a direct explanation of the radiative shielding differences between a vacuum gap and solid foam. | — | forum/qna | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 | |
polyurethane foam thermal conductivity temperature dependence RELATED | Google ↗ AI Mode ↗ | Examine how polyurethane foam insulation performance changes under extreme temperature differences like dry ice versus ambient air. | — | pdf_whitepaper | thermal insulation physics comparison | 1x of 3 |
Passes
Does another pass still surface new queries? A flattening curve means the fan-out has stabilised.
| Model | Pass | Target | Generated | Seconds | Tokens (in / out) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 1 | 12 | 12 | — | 933 / 1,484 | |
| gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 2 | 12 | 12 | — | 933 / 1,545 | |
| gemini-3.5-flash-lite | 3 | 12 | 12 | — | 933 / 1,544 |