How reliable is the automated scoring on the Duolingo English test compared to the human graded sections on the TOEFL?
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Fan-out diagram
The searches the AI actually ran for this prompt.
SEED QUERY
How reliable is the automated scoring on the Duolingo English test compared to the human graded sections on the TOEFL?
1 real search · 1 real-search pass
Duolingo English Test scoring automated human review validity reliability research scoring speaking writing TOEFL human raters ETS scoring reliabilityGoogle ↗
OBSERVED
Badge and edge weight = share of passes that produced the query. Hover a query for its intent and routing format.
Query classes
Google's semantic query class for every sub-query: what kind of answer each search is after, simulated vs real.
Classifying 1 queries…
Searches and sources
ChatGPT1 real searches · gpt-6
Duolingo English Test scoring automated human review validity reliability research scoring speaking writing TOEFL human raters ETS scoring reliability Google ↗
- Reliability and Comparability of TOEFL iBT Scores · ets.org
- How is the DET scored? · blog.englishtest.duolingo.com
- Duolingo Research Report DRR-25-03 · duolingo-testcenter.s3.amazonaws.com
- Duolingo English Test: Technical Manual · duolingo-papers.s3.amazonaws.com